Pravidlá Baseballu
Baseballové ihrisko má tvar štvorca so stranami dlhými 27,43 m, v ktorého rohoch sú méty. Od domácej méty po "homranový" plot je cca 100 m.
Baseball hrajú dve družstvá s deviatimi hráčmi. Navzájom sa družstvá striedajú v zmenách (inning-och) na pálke (v útoku) a v poli (v obrane). Inningov je deväť a každé družstvo ide deväť krát na pálku a deväť krát do poľa. Keďže v baseballe neexistuje remíza a v deviatom inningu by nastala, hrajú sa daľšie inningy pokiaľ jedno družstvo nezíska víťazný bod. Útočiace družstvo sa snaží získavať body (dobehy), naopak družstvo v poli sa snaží tomuto zabrániť "vyautovaním" troch hráčov súpera. Hráči družstva na pálke (pálkari) nastupujú v danom poradí na domácu métu odkiaľ sa snažia odpáliť loptu nadhodenú súperovým nahadzovačom. Pokiaľ sa podarí odpáliť a obehnúť méty, teda dotknúť sa postupne 1, 2, 3, a poslednej domácej méty, získava pre družstvo na pálke jeden bod. Obyčajne sa však hráčovi nepodarí obehnúť všetky méty naraz (ak áno, potom odpálil HOMERUN), preto zostane na méte, ktorú "získal" (stáva sa bežcom) a pokúša sa postupovať ďalej až po odpale svojho spoluhráča - ďalšieho pálkara (alebo sa snaží "ukradnúť" métu - toto je "špeciálny" prípad získania méty). Aj vtedy platí, zisk domácej méty je bod pre družstvo na pálke. Hráči družstva v poli (poliari) sú všetci naraz na ihrisku na svojich postoch. Snahou poliarov je zachytiť odpaly pálkarov a zabrániť ich postupu po métach. Prvoradý cieľ poliarov je vyradiť - vyautovať hráčov súpera. Vyautovanie (aut) má dva významy - vyautovaný hráč už nemôže v danom okamihu postupovať po métach a skórovať, ale predovšetkým, keď poliari vyautujú troch súperových hráčov, družstvá sa striedajú. Družstvo na pálke ide do poľa (do obrany) a družstvo čo bolo v poli ide na pálku (do útoku).
Hráč družstva na pálke je vyautovaný:
* pokiaľ pálkar neodpálil tri nadhody od súperovho nahadzovača, smerujúce do "strike zone", vtedy je "strike out"
* ak je loptička odpálená do vzduchu a bola chytená poliarom prv než sa dotkla zeme (pri tejto situácii môžu bežci na métach vybehnúť až po chytení lopty poliarom, ak vybehnú skôr, poliar môže prihodiť na métu, z ktorej vybehol bežec, loptu a poliar na méte šliapnutím méty vyautuje tohoto bežca)
* ak odpálenú loptu po zemi spracujú poliari a prihodia hráčovi na méte a ten sa "dotkne méty" skôr ako bežec
* ak sa poliar dotkne loptou v ruke (alebo v rukavici) bežca stojaceho mimo méty
Méty teda nielen určujú dráhu bežca, ale sú takým malým "domčekom", kde nemožno vyautovať bežca. Toto sú najbežnejšie a najdôležitejšie "formy" autovania. Ale existuje ešte jedej spôsob autovania, ktorý nieje tak častý - "nútený" aut. Pokiaľ je bežec na 1. méte a pálkarov odpal nieje chytený zo vzduchu, pálkar svojím behom na 1. métu "núti" bežca na 1. méte postupovať na 2. métu (na jednej méte môže byť iba jeden bežec). Poliari v tejto situácii po spracovaní odpalu prihodia loptu na 2. métu (namiesto na 1. métu) a autujú bežca šliapnutím méty alebo tečovaním bežca (bežec je aut, len ak sa nedotkol méty skôr ako súper). Ak poliari stihnú prihodiť na prvú métu skôr ako tam dobehne pálkar, tento hráč je tiež vyautovaný. Poliari zahrali "double out"- dvoj aut. Dvoj aut je možné zahrať aj na tretej a domácej méte, ak na túto métu beží nútený bežec. "Double" sú tie najkrajšie okamihy zápasov, pretože celá akcia musí prebehnúť veľmi rýchlo a presne. Nahadzovač hádže na pálkara z nahadzovacieho kopca zo vzdialenosti 18,44 m a každý nadhod posudzuje rozhodca ako dobrý (strike) alebo zlý (ball). Pokiaľ pálkar nedokáže odpáliť tri dobré nadhody, je aut (strike out) a naopak ak nadhodí nahadzovač palkárovi štyri zlé nadhody, získava pálkar 1. métu zadarmo (bez odpalu).
Dobrý nadhod je taký, ktorý preletí nad domácou métou a vo výške medzipodpažia a kolenami pálkara (strike zone), alebo aký koľvek nadhod, ktorý sa pálkar pokúsil odpáliť, ale neodpálil. Ako dobrý nadhod sa počíta aj nadhod, ktorý pálkar odpáli mimo výseč ("foul area"). Vtedy sa odpal nazýva - faul ball, pokiaľ to nebol tretí dobrý nadhod. Po takomto odpale je lopta mimo hru, pálkar ani bežci nemôžu postupovať a pálkar páli znovu.
Nadhadzovač sa samozrejme snaží čo najviac sťažiť súperovým hráčom ich odpaly. Preto používa rôzne nadhody - rýchle, pomalé, točené a aj mimo strajk zonu. Jeho úloha je fyzicky i psychicky náročná, preto sa za zápas môžu vystriedať dvaja, traja nahadzovači.
Pálkar sa snaží čo najpresnejšie a najsilnejšie zasiahnuť loptu, aby čo najviac "znepríjemnil" spracovanie odpalu poliarom. Ak je odpal nadmieru vydarený a preletí cez celé ihrisko až za plot v zadnom poli, pálkar odpálil HOMERUN. Tento odpal umožňuje bežcovi obehnúť voľne všetky méty a získať bod, naviac tým dosiahnú bod všetci bežci na métach. Takže, ak sú bežci na 1., 2. a 3. méte, je možné jediným odpalom získať štyri body. To je potom GRAND SLAM.
Už viete ako sa hrá BASEBALL, tak si zahrajte.
Náhľad fotografií zo zložky Baseball
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